External drivers of change
Demographic shifts
This file outlines major demographic changes, including ageing, youth bulges, fertility decline and demographic divides.
Read driver fileThe Future of Aid 2040 scenarios were built on the collective wisdom of the Future of Aid 2040 community. During Phase 1, participants engaged in a series of workshops to identify the key drivers of change that could shape the aid system by 2040. Following the creation of a long list of potential drivers, the community assessed each one according to its importance and level of uncertainty. The matrix below illustrates how these drivers were prioritised and how they informed the development of the Future of Aid 2040 scenarios.
After the drivers were identified, a dedicated research working group of aid practitioners and academics members were requested to conduct additional research into each of these key topics. This research is compiled into a library of driver files which explore these 25 different drivers of change. The analysis in these driver files supported the design and formulation of the Future of Aid 2040 scenarios, it underpinned the inferences and assumptions that were made as well as the details of the dynamics explored.
Though they follow the same structure, each of these driver files has been written by different members of the working group who have different experiences and expertise which they bring to bear on the topics that they authored. By having a variety of authors taking the lead on different subjects the project has been greatly enhanced by the diversity of their insights.
You can download each of the Future of Aid 2040 driver files below.
25 driver files
External drivers of change
This file outlines major demographic changes, including ageing, youth bulges, fertility decline and demographic divides.
Author Valentina Palumbo
Read driver file →External drivers of change
This file examines migration and displacement patterns, including refugees, IDPs, economic migration and diaspora mobilisation.
Author Ana Santos
Read driver file →External drivers of change
This file explores poverty in its absolute and relative forms across different contexts.
Author Immaculate Kiiza Wanendeya
Read driver file →External drivers of change
This file examines economic, social and racial inequality as drivers of exclusion and instability.
Author Matthew Kletzing
Read driver file →External drivers of change
This file explores shifts in global governance, power struggles, protectionism and international legal frameworks.
Author Gianluca Ranzato
Read driver file →External drivers of change
This file examines the erosion of democracy, authoritarianism, identity politics and political instability.
Author Max Santana
Read driver file →External drivers of change
This file explores sovereign debt, international loans and public budget pressures.
Author Max Santana
Read driver file →External drivers of change
This file examines AI, cybersecurity, digital divides, regulation and digital infrastructure.
Author Max Santana
Read driver file →External drivers of change
This file explores information pathways, misinformation, disinformation and media manipulation.
Author Max Santana
Read driver file →External drivers of change
This file examines climate change, biodiversity loss, extreme weather, ecological transition and competition over natural resources.
Author Max Santana
Read driver file →External drivers of change
This file explores food production, processing, distribution, access to nutritious food and dietary patterns.
Author Eilidh Kennedy
Read driver file →External drivers of change
This file examines armed conflict, terrorism and organised crime as sources of instability and harm.
Author Max Santana
Read driver file →External drivers of change
This file explores corruption, governance failures, shrinking civic space and erosion of the rule of law.
Author Elias Ayoub
Read driver file →External drivers of change
This file examines pandemics, health threats, mental health, non-communicable diseases, zoonoses, bioterrorism and healthcare system failures.
Author Max Santana
Read driver file →External drivers of change
This file explores financial crises, inflation, recession, downturns and cost-of-living pressures.
Author Max Santana
Read driver file →External drivers of change
This file explores access, quality and shifts in education systems and skill-building.
Author Shiela Castillo
Read driver file →Internal drivers of change
This file examines workforce demographics, burnout, mental health, recruitment, retention, diversity, safety, fair pay and remote work.
Author Katie McIntyre
Read driver file →Internal drivers of change
This file explores the role of businesses, CSR-driven aid and for-profit humanitarian models.
Author Katie McIntyre
Read driver file →Internal drivers of change
This file examines changing humanitarian values, decolonisation of aid, localisation mindsets and moral philosophies of aid.
Author Silvia Gison
Read driver file →Internal drivers of change
This file explores local leadership, governance shifts, devolution of decision-making and locally led responses.
Author Katie McIntyre
Read driver file →Internal drivers of change
This file examines performance-based aid, funding criteria, donor priorities and the unintended effects of financial models.
Author Katie McIntyre
Read driver file →Internal drivers of change
This file explores donor dependency, alternative funding models, alternative donors, shifting priorities and transparency.
Author Marta Persiani
Read driver file →Internal drivers of change
This file examines aid as a geopolitical tool, including donor conditions, securitisation and alignment with foreign policy interests.
Author Katie McIntyre
Read driver file →Internal drivers of change
This file explores corruption in aid delivery, bureaucracy, reporting structures, fraud prevention and humanitarian legitimacy.
Author Katie McIntyre
Read driver file →Internal drivers of change
This file examines trust in humanitarian organisations, polarisation and backlash against aid policies and funding.
Author Katie McIntyre
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